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The Vali’s Garden

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Under the shade of a small, pretty kiosk, beside a plantation and overlooking a dry, yellow river with a dusty plain beyond, sat the Vali, surrounded by his staff. He looked the least lively of them all. He was a large, round-faced man who seemed tired and slow. His eyes were half-closed, and he spoke in a slow, lazy manner. Unlike the men around him, who wore bright and shiny medals on their coats, he had only two small orders pinned to his chest Borovets Bulgaria Tours.

Conversation with the Vali

At first, our conversation was formal and stiff. But soon, I began to see how things worked in Turkey. The Vali already knew about me. He knew when I had arrived and where I had eaten the night before. He even knew that my interpreter had been sent from Constantinople by Sir Nicholas O’Conor. It was clear that I had been watched. The Vali was interested in England and wanted to know about the differences between the House of Lords and the House of Commons A Visit from a Turkish General.

The Vali’s Longing for Europe

I said to the Vali, “You should visit England.” He sighed and replied, “I would give anything, even what I wear on my head, to visit Europe,” and he shrugged his shoulders.

Just like many other Turks, he would gladly give up his fez, the symbol of his nationality, if it meant he could leave Turkey. Although the Vali had an important position, second only to the Sultan, he was still a prisoner in his own land. He had been sent to rule Adrianople fifteen years ago, but he had never been allowed to visit Constantinople or even leave the city. He was a sad man, trapped in his role with no freedom to travel.

A Visit from a Turkish General

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I was just about to take a comfortable nap when I heard a knock at the door of the British Consulate. A Turkish general, dressed in impressive clothes, had arrived. We exchanged respectful greetings. He spoke English, explaining that he had worked as a diplomat in Washington many years ago. He brought a message from his boss, the Vali (Governor) Mahomet Arif Pasha, who invited me to visit him in his garden at nine o’clock. I thought that nine o’clock was an unusual time to meet someone in a garden, but then I remembered that in Turkey, the time is different. Nine o’clock there is more like four o’clock in Europe A Courteous Offer to Swap Horses.

Turkish Time

In Turkey, the day begins with sunrise, which they call twelve o’clock. But since the sun rises at different times each day, the Turkish people often adjust their cheap Austrian watches to try to keep track of time. However, even the best watches often don’t keep accurate time in Turkey, and a watch that is a little inaccurate might actually be closer to the correct time. Because of this, no one is ever really sure of the exact time. “Close enough” is good enough for the Turks. This way of keeping time shows that the Turks haven’t fully embraced one of the key ideas of what we call “civilization”—being precise with time Rila Lakes Bulgaria Tours.

The Ride to the Vali’s Garden

I hired the most beautiful, red, cushioned carriage I could find in Adrianople. With the Consulate dragoman (translator) and my interpreter, we set off to visit the Vali. His garden was outside the city. As we drove, the countryside looked dry and brown. The road was covered in thick dust, and the air was hot and dry, like an oven. We passed by guards and arrived at the garden. The trees there were tall but overgrown with weeds and dust. There were no neat lawns, only rough, tangled ground and patches of overgrown grass. It made me appreciate our well-kept English lawns even more, as they are something not seen in many places around the world.

A Courteous Offer to Swap Horses

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Saksagan
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My Turkish friend, the leader of the group, noticed how awkward I looked on such a funny horse. He insisted that I “swap” horses with one of the soldiers. All the horses wore blue bead decorations on their foreheads to protect them from the “evil eye.”

The Road to Kirk Kilise

I had been told that the road to Kirk Kilise was good. There was a road, yes, but it was built from giant boulders, some as big as my head, and buried halfway in the ground. It was one of the bumpiest and most uncomfortable roads I had ever been on. The road was so rough that no one really used it, except to cross it. The tracks twisted this way and that, and when the road got too worn out, people just went around it The Vali’s Garden.

The Turkish Preference for Dirt Paths

We often complain about the poor roads in Eastern countries. However, the Turk does not like a straight road. It’s too hard for him. He prefers his ox-cart to creak along a random, uneven path of his own making. I truly believe that if the Great North Road from England were placed in Turkey, the Turks would never use it. Instead, they would destroy the nearby hedges and make a new path across the fields. It’s no use arguing with the Turk about the best way to travel. He will bow, say “The efendi always speaks wisdom!”—and then continue to avoid the main road.

A Scene of an Old Burial Ground

With the sound of swords clanking and muskets clicking on the soldiers’ backs, we made a grand appearance as we hurried eastward across the plains Vitosha Bulgaria Private Tours .

We passed a Muslim burial ground. The grass was long, rough, and dry. The graves looked abandoned, and many tombs were falling apart. The stones, some with odd turban or fez shapes to represent men, and simple stones marking the women’s graves, were crooked and broken. The wind blew dust over everything, and the place felt forgotten. Here rested the once-known people of Adrianople, but no one seemed to care about them anymore. There was no sense of remembrance or respect, just the sad sight of these decaying markers.

Challenges in Augmenting Language

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Saksagan
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Challenges in Augmenting Language Corpora with Syntactic Information: A Focus on Bulgarian Verbs

Introduction

The creation of language corpora enriched with linguistic information occurs in an environment where researchers grapple with the interaction between paradigmatic knowledge representation and the syntagmatic properties of real-life language usage. This challenge becomes particularly evident in the initial stages of developing a syntactic treebank, where morphosyntactic annotation and shallow parsing intersect Highlights from Seventeenth Conference. While much attention has been given to entities like dates, titles, names, and addresses in the context of this interdependence, less research has focused on predicates compared to named entities and nominal objects.

Focus on Verbs in Bulgarian

This paper aims to address the complexities surrounding Bulgarian verbs, specifically two aspects of difficulty they present

Complex Forms: Bulgarian verbs often express tense, mood, and voice through intricate forms involving auxiliary verbs.

Verbal Units This encompasses clitic reflexive and personal pronominals, along with various types of particles.

Significance of Analysis

Understanding and describing these elements are crucial for assigning the appropriate syntactic structure to sentences Bulgarian Coast. Moreover, they form the foundation for incrementally enhancing annotated texts with information regarding the temporal and discourse positioning of events, as well as the argument structure of predicates. This exploration sheds light on the intricate relationship between paradigmatic and syntagmatic dimensions in the formal description of language, especially concerning Bulgarian verbs.

Highlights from Seventeenth Conference

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Highlights from the Seventeenth Interparliamentary Conference in Geneva

Mr. Henri Fazy, an esteemed statesman and president of the Swiss State Council, warmly welcomed the delegates, extending greetings on behalf of Geneva and the entire country.

On the first day, two pivotal questions were deliberated. The first question revolved around whether the Union should exclusively consist of members from national parliaments or continue admitting members from certain states within empires, akin to some German states. The debate saw participation from prominent delegates, with differing views on the extent of membership privilege. The matter was conclusively addressed the following day, adopting a proposition from the Union’s council The Seventeenth Interparliamentary Conference at Geneva. It stipulated that only subordinate states with foreign departments, like certain German states, should have representation in the Union.

Dr. Zorn

The second question addressed the topic of international arbitration, presented by Dr. Zorn, a distinguished professor from Bonn and former chairman of the German delegation at the First Hague Conference. Dr. Zorn acknowledged progress in arbitral jurisdiction since the First Hague Conference, expressing belief in the feasibility of a global arbitration treaty. He suggested omitting references to national honor and vital interests from treaties, asserting that safeguarding these aspects was inherent in the concept of national sovereignty.

Dr. Zorn discussed the relationship between international tribunals of obligatory arbitration and national judicial systems. He proposed that nations should be legally bound to regularly submit disputes in international law to arbitral jurisdiction, leading to the modification of their international legal systems.

Dr. Zorn emphasized the role of the international tribunal of arbitration as a legislative organ Ancient Bulgaria Tour, authentically determining the sense and scope of arbitration treaties. While commending the Hague Court for matters of public international law, he urged Interparliamentary Union members to initiate a preliminary study on establishing an international juridical court for issues of private international law, given the significant development in global traffic.

The Seventeenth Interparliamentary Conference at Geneva

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Saksagan
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The Seventeenth Conference of the Interparliamentary Union took place in Geneva from September 18 to 20. Unfortunately, various factors, including the lateness of the season, impacted the attendance, with only 160 participants, a significant drop from previous conferences that often saw three or four times that number. The United States group had only four representatives, including Senator T. E. Burton Challenges in Augmenting Language, Congressmen Richard Bartholdt, Frank Plumley, and William D. B. Ainey, compared to fifteen or twenty in previous years. The absence of Italian representatives due to the war in Tripoli also contributed to the reduced numbers.

Distinguished delegates

Despite these challenges, the conference proved to be strong and successful. Distinguished delegates included Mr. Beernaert, a Belgian statesman; Baron d’Estournelles de Constant from France; Mr. Louis Franck, Senators La Fontaine and Houzeau de Lehaie from Belgium; Lord Weardale, president of the British group; Dr. Zorn, Dr. Quidde, and Mr. Eickhoff from Germany; Mr. Tydeman from The Netherlands; Mr. Kowaleski from Russia; F^ederik Bajer from Denmark, and Senator Burton and Congressman Bartholdt from the United States. Notably, the attendees were individuals actively contributing to the Union’s work in their respective countries.

Discussions at the conference were highly capable and engaging, focusing directly on key aspects of the Union’s mission, such as arbitration treaties, the court of arbitral justice, and the limitation of armaments. There was an effort to broaden the Union’s scope, signaling a potential shift towards considering international relations in the broadest sense as its proper field of work.

Mr. Beernaert, the Union’s president, opened the conference and nominated Dr. Albert Gobat, a member of the Swiss National Council, as the acting president. Dr. Gobat, a long-time member and former executive secretary of the Union Visit Bulgaria, emphasized the challenges faced, paid tribute to departed members, highlighted the Swiss statesmen’s contributions, and expressed concerns about limited progress in realizing their ideals, particularly in the face of military advancements. He urged increased energy and devotion to the Union’s work, emphasizing the need for collective efforts.

Journeying into Asia

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Saksagan
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A Scenic Voyage through the Bosporus

Beyond Karibjeh Kalesi, the straits widen significantly towards the Black Sea, extending to Phanaraci, a promontory that hosts Kumeli Battery and Lighthouse. Off the latter are the Gyanean or Blue Bocks, the mythical Bymplegades, believed by the ancients to crush all passing ships.

Contrasting Shores: European vs. Asiatic

The most breathtaking view of the Black Sea unfolds from the steamer during its passage across the Strait to the Asiatic Shore The Tranquil Beauty of Bumeli Kavak and Surroundings. This side stands in stark contrast to the European shore, not only in lush vegetation but also in the architecture of houses and buildings, the condition of villages, and the distinctly Oriental character of the people seen at the landing-stages. One quickly realizes that crossing the Bosporus to the Asiatic side is more than a transition within Constantinople; it’s a genuine journey from Europe to Asia.

Anadoli Kavak Gateway to the Asiatic Shore

The first stop on the Asiatic shore, descending the Bosporus, is Anadoli Kavak, located opposite Rumeli Kavak. It is renowned for the excellence of its figs and serves as the place where vessels from the Black Sea must halt for pratique and undergo quarantine. On the promontory stands a heavily-armed battery known as Kavak Kalesi. The ruin on the hillside is Yoros Kalesi, an ancient Genoese castle, a captivating feature of the Bosporus commanding a splendid view of the Strait and Black Sea. This castle is situated on the site of the ancient Huron, a temple to Zeus Urius, and near the spot where, according to tradition, Phrixus, and subsequently Jason, offered sacrifices to the twelve gods upon returning from Colchis. It has been suggested that Darius surveyed the Hellespont from this temple (Herodotus, iv. 85) Istanbul Shopping Tours. The old gateway on the eastern side of the castle was constructed using marble taken from the temple.

The Tranquil Beauty of Bumeli Kavak and Surroundings

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Saksagan
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The Tranquil Beauty of Bumeli Kavak and Surroundings

Mezar Burnu (Cemetery Point) stands on the site of the ancient Simas, and was in olden times notorious for its fane to Yenus of the Eorum, to which sailors resorted with votive offerings; it is now only noted for the large Moslem cemetery from which the cliff and village take their name.

Mezar Burnu, once known for its ancient worship site, is now recognized for the expansive Muslim cemetery that shares its name with the cliff and village.

Yeni Mahalleh – A Quaint Fishing Village

Yeni Mahalleh, the next place the steamer calls at, is merely a small fishing village, and is the point where the fortifications on the European side begin, with Fort Deli Tabia, built by M. Meunier, a French engineer, 1794.

Yeni Mahalleh, the next stop, is a small fishing village marking the start of fortifications on the European side, including Fort Deli Tabia, constructed by French engineer M. Meunier in 1794.

Bumeli Kavak – A Historical Gem

Bumeli Kavak, a little above Yeni Mahalleh, is the last station on the European side. The ruins on the hill are those of the castle built by Murad IV in 1628, on the site of an earlier Byzantine fortress.

Bumeli Kavak, the final station on the European side, boasts the ruins of a castle constructed by Murad IV in 1628, replacing an earlier Byzantine fortress.

Maritime History and Defense Structures

Text: The two moles, each 80 feet long, which formed an artificial harbor, were constructed by the Byzantines, who levied toll here on ships passing down from the Black Sea Scenic Delights Beyond Therapia. A chain stretched across the Strait to the opposite village closed the Bosporus in time of war to vessels coming from the Black Sea.

Byzantines built two 80-foot moles for an artificial harbor, collecting tolls from ships traveling down from the Black Sea Istanbul Religion Tours. A wartime chain across the Strait to the opposite village restricted Black Sea vessels.

Rich Mythological History

Text: Near the ravine, just beyond the village, are the ruins of a Greek monastery. On the hill above stood Ovid’s Tower, which was used as a lighthouse to protect ships against the wreckers who then infested this part of the Strait.

Close to the village is a Greek monastery’s ruins, and atop the hill was Ovid’s Tower, serving as a lighthouse to shield ships from wreckers in this section of the Strait.

Karibjeh Kalesi – A Battery with French Influence

Beyond Bumeli Kavak, the shores of the Bosporus are extremely uninteresting, and their monotony is only relieved by Buyuk Liman bay, at the south extremity of which is a battery. Karibjeh Kalesi, another battery a little farther on, was built in 1773 by the French general Tott, and stands on the site of ancient Gypopolis, where Phineas, according to mythology, entertained the Argonauts who had rescued him from the Harpies.

Further along from Bumeli Kavak, the Bosporus shores become unremarkable until reaching Buyuk Liman bay, home to a battery. Karibjeh Kalesi, built by French General Tott in 1773, sits on the site of ancient Gypopolis, linked to the myth of Phineas and the Argonauts.

Scenic Delights Beyond Therapia

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Saksagan
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Exploring Buyukdereh

From Kir etch Burnu (Lime Point), a promontory just beyond Therapia, the first view of the Black Sea is obtained. This place, called Glethra (‘ key ’), was regarded by the ancients as the key to the Black Sea.

Explanation: Lime Point, beyond Therapia, offers the first glimpse of the Black Sea. Known as Glethra, meaning ‘key,’ it was historically considered the gateway to the Black Sea.

Buyukdereh – Ambassadors’ Retreat and Villas

The steamer does not call here Journeying into Asia, but crosses a deep bay, whence there is a good view of the Aqueducts, and arrives at Buyukclereh, where are the summer residences of the Spanish and Bussian ambassadors, and several fine villas belonging to wealthy inhabitants of Constantinople.

The steamer doesn’t stop, but as it crosses a deep bay, one can admire the Aqueducts. The destination is Buyukdereh, housing the summer residences of the Spanish and Russian ambassadors, along with elegant villas owned by wealthy Constantinople residents.

Yedl Kardash (Seven Brothers) – A Historical Site

The cluster of old plane-trees near the village is called Yedl Kardash (Seven Brothers) by the Turks; here tradition states that Godfrey de Bouillon encamped in 1096 A.D., but this is contrary to the statement of Anna Comnena, the historian princess, who, however, says that Count Raoul and other Crusaders encamped in this neighbourhood.

Near the village is Yedl Kardash (Seven Brothers) Istanbul Cultural Tours, a grove of ancient plane-trees. Legend claims it as the site where Godfrey de Bouillon camped in 1096 A.D., although historical records contradict this. According to Anna Comnena, Count Raoul and other Crusaders encamped here.

Hotels and Amenities

Hotels—Hotel Univers, near the Russian Embassy, and Hotel Belle Yue. There are plenty of good boats, caiques, riding horses, and carriages for hire at both Therapia and Buyukdereh landing – stages.

Accommodations include Hotel Univers near the Russian Embassy and Hotel Belle Yue. Both Therapia and Buyukdereh landing-stages offer various services such as boat rentals, caiques, riding horses, and carriages.

Excursion Opportunities

Text: Excursions may be made to the Forest of Belgrade, the Giant’s Mountain, and to the Genoese Castle.

Explanation: Explore the Forest of Belgrade, Giant’s Mountain, and the Genoese Castle through available excursions.

Aqueducts and the Forest of Belgrade – Historical Marvels

The aqueducts seen from the steamer when nearing Buyukdereh are the work of several successive Byzantine emperors and Ottoman sultans. The Forest of Belgrade, covering an area of some 15 to 20 miles, is the only one on the European shore of the Bosporus, and is preserved untouched by the axe to attract rain.

The aqueducts, crafted by Byzantine emperors and Ottoman sultans, are visible from the steamer approaching Buyukdereh. The Forest of Belgrade, unique on the European Bosporus shore, is carefully preserved to encourage rainfall.

Exploring Corum’s 7000-Year History

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A Journey Through Time

Corum A Cultural Bridge Between East and West

Corum, with its 7000-year-long history, stands as a significant gateway between Central Anatolia and the Black Sea regions. The city embodies a cultural bridge that connects the East to the West.

The Oldest Peace Treaty Kadesh Treaty

The “Kadesh Treaty,” discovered in the excavations in Bogazkoy in 1906, is a historic agreement between the Hittites and Egyptians, two prominent civilizations. Carved on clay tablets, this treaty is recognized as the world’s oldest international peace treaty. A copy of the Kadesh Treaty is proudly exhibited in the New York office of the United Nations Read More about Exploring Ottoman Traditions The Role of Bathhouses.

Corum Museum A Time Capsule of Ages

Originally constructed as a health school in 1914, the Corum Museum exemplifies 19th-century architecture. Following its restoration in 2003, it transformed into a museum, showcasing findings from various historical periods, including Chalcolithic, Early Bronze, Phrygian, Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine ages. Notably, these artifacts were unearthed in excavation sites such as Alacahoyuk, Bogazkoy-Hattusa, Ortakoy-Sapinuva, Eskiyapar, and Huseyindede. Among the displayed treasures are relief vases, tablets with cuneiform writings, and the Sword, Protector God of the Countryside.

Alacahoyuk Museum and Ruins A Testament to Civilization

Situated 45 km away from Corum and 160 km from Ankara, the Alacahoyuk Museum operates under the Corum Museum’s administration. The museum features artifacts from the Alacahoyuk excavations, spanning Chalcolithic, Early Bronze, Hittite, Phrygian ages, along with ethnographic items.

The systematic excavations at Alacahoyuk Round Turkey Tours, initiated by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, revealed four different civilization periods. These excavations, starting in 1935 under the Turkish Historical Society, unveiled the Hatti culture, considered the ancestors and origins of the Hittites.

Corum, with its rich historical tapestry, invites visitors to explore the depths of time and witness the evolution of civilizations.

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